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APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING GOLD.

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No. 372,327.- Patented Nov. 1, 1887.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

- RAOUL PIERRE PIGTET, OF GENEVA, SWITZERLAND.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING COLD.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 372,327, dated November 1, 1887.

Application filed July 31, 1886. Serial No. 209,683.

(No model.) Patented in France December 6, 1884, No. 165,734; in England December 16, 1884, No. 16,556, and in Germany December 31,-1884, No. 33,239.

To all whom it may concern:

Be itknown that I, RAOUL PIERRE PIO'IEI, a citizen of Switzerland, residing at Geneva, Switzerland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Producing Oold;and I do herebydeclare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompany-v ing drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 shows by an elevation, partly in section, a frigoritic or ice machine embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of Fig. 1, the lids or covers of the refrigerator and condenser being removed. Figs. 3 and4 show the refrigerator-tank in transverse section and top plan'view on an enlarged scale. Fig. 5 is a transverse section of the condenser; and Figs. 6 and 7 are vertical axial sections of the suction and force valves, re-.

spectively, also drawn on an enlarged scale.

This invention relates to that class of machines more particularly adapted for refrigerating purposes or for the manufacture of ice; and it has for its object to simplify the construction of these machines and increase their efficiency in use.

To these ends the invention consists in certain structural features and combination ofelements, substantially as hereinafter described,

' and set forth in the claims.

In the drawings, C indicates the suction and force pump, which is of usual construction,except in some particulars,hereinafter to be described, and is provided with two sets of suction and force valves, arranged in suitable valve-casings, of which the casings O O on the opposite ends of the pumpcylinder 0*, and on one side thereof, contain the suction-valves,and the casings C O on the opposite sides of the pump-cylinder, and at opposite ends thereof, contain the force-valves. The suctionyalve casings O O are connected together by means The force-valve casings O O are connected together by means of a pipe, 1), and with the induction-pipe of the condenser by means of a pipe, P, connected with pipe 19, as shown.

Any well-known or suitable frigorific agent may be used with or in my improved frigorific or refrigerating machine. I prefer, however, to employ the frigorific agent described in my pending application for patent filed on or about September 28, 1885, Serial No. 178,444, and which consists of a compound volatile liquid composed of carbonic acid and oxide of sulphur, and preferably that compound expressed by the formula (3048. I employ this frigorific agent inpreference to any other for the reason that it doesnot injuriously affect iron, and I am thus enabled to construct my machines and the pipes and'coils of this metal, thereby effecting a very material reduction in the cost thereof, as well as in the cost of maintaining such machines in good repair..

The refrigerator R consists of a suitable vessel or tank of sheet metal, which, if desired, may be constructed with double inclosingwalls, the space between said walls being filled with a material that is a bad conductor of cold.

At one end and on the bottom of the tank is arranged a horizontal pipe, A, closed at one end and connected at the other witha vertical pipe, B, to which is coupled the suction or exhaust pipe P, that connects the pipe 13 with the suction valve casings O O ofthepump 0*. Above the pipe A is arranged another horizontal pipe,D, that is closed at both ends,

and is connected with the condenser by a pipe, P. The pipes P and P are, as shown, of much less cross-sectional area than the pipes B and D, to which they are respectively connected.

E E indicate a series of coils of pipes independent of each other, each coil having its initial in the receiving-pipe D and its terminal in the dischargepipe A. The frigorific agent, fed by pipe P to the receiving-pipe D, is thus subdivided into as many streams as there are coils employed, instead of passing, as usual, through a single cooling-coil. By this subdivision of the frigorific agent Iam enabled to increase the cooling-surfaces and utilize the frigorific agent to the very best advantage.

In practice the crossseetional area of either of the pipes A, B, and D is equal to the sum of the like area of the number of coils employed, thereby insuring a proper volatilization of the frigoriflc agent after entering the receiving-pipe D and on its passage to the delivery or exhaust pipe A, the streams of liquid frigoriflc agent under the influence ofthe pump being divided or cut up in the coils by intervening vapor.

Instead of introducing the material to be cooled or frozen into the refrigerator, I prefer to fill the same with a non congealable liquid and introduce the material to be cooled or frozen into suitable vents, II, which are immersed in the non-congealable liquid, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4.

Any suitable non congcalable liquidas, for instance, glycerine may be employed for this purpose. To maintain the non-congealable liquid in the refrigeratingtank at a practically uniform temperature, and to more rapidly cool the same, I agitate the liquid from time to time or keep the same under constant agitation. To this end I employ an agitator, F, Figs. 1, 2, and 4, that is driven from the motor that drives the pump 0 The refrigerator-tank is closed by a suitable cover or lid, B, Fig. 3. The condenser G is constructed substantially like the refrigerator, so far as the use of a series of coilsis concerned and the arrangement of pipes to which the initial and terminal of each coil is connected.

At one end of the condenser G, and near or on the bottom thereof, is arranged a horizontal pipe, A, closed at one end, to which the terminals of all the coils E are connected, the other end of said horizontal pipe com munieating with a vertical pipe, B, to which is connected the pipe I, that conducts the liquid frigorific agent to pipe D, and thence to the coils E.

Near the top of the condenser is arranged a second horizontal pipe, D, to which all the initials of the coils E are connected, said pipe being closed at one end and connected at the other with a vertical pipe, D, to which is coupled the pipe P, that connects through pipe pwith the force-valves of the pump, and the cross-sectional area of each of the pipes A B D D is likewise equal to the sum of the like area of all the coils E.

In machines of the description referred to more or less air gains access to the condenser coils and connections, or air that may be contained in the pipes and coils on starting the machine and other foreign non-liqueliable gases, or gases more difficult to liquefy than the vapors of the frigoriflc agent, are usually present, that act injuriously upon the frigoriflc properties of the agent employed or tend to retard its liquefaction.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide means whereby such gases may be readily collected and removed. To this end the pipe B, that receives the liquefied vapors from the pipe A, is used as a collector for such gases, the pipe 1? extending into said pipe to near the lower end thereof, as shown in Fig. 5, the liquid frigorifle agent under the action of the pump being forced into said pipe and delivered to pipe D of the refrigerator It. Those gases that are not liquefied under the pressure of the pump collect in said pipe B and are compressed therein. The pressure exerted by these gases upon the liquid frigorific agent, together with the pressure exerted by the pump, will force the said agent into and through pipe 1?". It is obvious, however, that unless means are provided to allow these gases to escape from time to time they would finally flow out through pipe I with the frigorific agent. To avoid this I place on the upper end of pipe B a manometer, M, and an escapepipe, P, provided with a stop-cock, p, as shown in Figs. 2 and 5. Instead of apipe provided with a stop-cock and a manometer, a pipe having a pressure-valve that will automatieally open under given pressures may be employed. By these means the gases in pipe B may be allowed to escape to prevent their being carried along with the frigoriflc agent, to avoid an accumulation of non frigorific gases, the presence of which would seriously affect the good operation of the machine.

To pipes P and I are connected small branch pipes 12 12, respectively, that connect with manometers M and M, so that the pressure in the pipes may at all times be indicated to the operator.

To prevent the noise inherent to the operation of the suction and force valves in the pumps employed in this class of machines, and also to avoid the frequent breakage of the valves or their abutments, I employ the following means, referring to Figs. 6 and 7. In these figures, 0 indicates one of the suctionvalve casings, and 0 one of the force-valve casings, of the pump.

V and V indicate the suction and force valves, respectively; 1; and 1;, their stems; a and 8, their operating-springs, and K and K their abutments. The valve-stems and their operating-springs are,as shown,inclosed in an axial tubular casing, c and 0, respectively.

So far as described, the valves and their casings are of well-known construction.

To prevent the injurious effect due to the impact of the valves upon their abutments, I employ an auxiliary spring, shorter and of greater strength, which I term compensating springs. As shown in Fig. 6, the axial casing c of the suction-valve stem 1) carries a flanged nut, N, and check-nuts N N.

The usual operating-spring, s, of the valve abutsatits lower end upon the flange of a collar, n, and at its upper end upon the flange of the nut N. The spring 8 is encircled by a short strong spring, S, one end of which lies in proximity to the annular shoulder 0, formed by the enlargement c of easing 0, while the other end bears upon the flange of nut N, to which said end is secured. Asimilar spring, S, Fig. 7, is secured at one end to a flanged nut, N screwed on the end of the valve-stem o of the suction-valve V, the other end of said spring lying in proximity to the inner face of the cap 0 of the valve-casing C The stress of the auxiliary springs S and S is exerted in reverse directions, according to the movement of the valves.

In Fig. 7 the construction of the inner tubular casing and the relative arrangement of the auxiliary spring S are modified to suit the altered conditions, inasmuch as the suctionvalve moves downward and the force-valve upward from its seat, the auxiliary spring S being, as shown in Fig. 7, arranged in achamber formed in the upper end of the inner casing, the valve-stem having free play in the opening of the partition-wall 0 It is obvious'that as the valve V is drawn down from its seat to the abutment K, before it reaches the same, the lower end of the auxiliary spring S will come in contact with the annular shoulder c of casing c.

Inasmuch as the tensile strength of the spring S is much greater than that of spring 8, the momentum of the valve will be checked and will move slowly onto its abutment K. The spring S for the force-valve V produces .precisely the same result, for as the valve is forced upward toward its abutment K, before it contacts therewith,the upper end of the spring S- will contact with the cap 0 of the valve-casing 0 and check the momentum of'the valve V, causing it to slowly move to t'he limit of its stroke. It will thus be seen that all violent shocks of the-valves V and V and the injuries that may result therefroimas well as the noise inherent thereto, are effectually avoided. V The general operation of this machine does not differ from that of other machines of this description, the circulation of the frigorific agent being substantially the same- It differs,

however, in essential particulars-namely,in the subdivision of the frigoritic agent in its passage through the refrigerating-coils,whereby a more active circulation is established throughout the machine, and whereby the refrigerating or coolingarea or surfaces are multiplied and the efficiency of the machine enhanced. The operation of the machine differs, furthermore, from that of other machines in the subdividing of the vapors as they pass through the condenser,-whereby the cooling area or surfaces are likewise multiplied, a more active circulation established, and a more rapid condensation of the vapors effected. It further differs from the operation of other machines of this class in that no foreign gases are commingled with the frigorific agent or the'vapors thereof that would impair the properties thereof, eitherin the absorption of heat in passing through the refrigerator or in the absorption of cold under pressure in passing through the condenser,which is here also and as usualsupplied withacoolingagent. Finally, the operation of the machine differs from that of others in that there is practically no noise in the play of the valves.

I would here state that I do not desire to claim herein the construction and arrangement of suction and force valves hereinbefore dc scribed,and shown in Figs. 6 and 7 ofthe drawings, as I have made a separate application for patent for the same under date of February 28, 1887, Serial No. 229,191.

Having now particularly described the said invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is- 1. In a machine of the class'described, the combination of the following instrumentalities: a refrigerating-tank, a series of inde pendent coils arranged therein, a condenser, a series of independent coils arranged therein, a force-pump connected, respcctively,with the terminal of all the coils of the refrigeratingtank and with the initial of all the coils of the condenser-connections for connecting the terminals of all the coils of the condenser with the initials of all the coils of the refrigeratingtank, and a collecting-chamber interposed in said connections for collecting the non-liquefr 'able gases, and constructed to allow of the escape of the same without allowing any of the frigorific agent to escape therewith, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

' 2. I11 a machine of the class described, a gaschamber interposed in the path of the liquid frigorific agent between the condenser and refrigerator for collecting the non-liquefiable gases, and a cooling medium surrounding the said chamber, substantially as described, for the purposes specified.

3. In a machine of the class described, the combination, with the refrigerator and the condenser-coils, of a valved gas-chamber connected with the terminal of the condenser-coil and arranged within the condensing-tank, and afeed-pipe connectedwith the refrigerator-coil and extending into the gas-chamber to near the lower end thereof, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

. RAOUL PIERRE PIOTET. Witnesses:

RoBT. M. 'HoorER, E. P. ll'TAOLEAN.

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